На чтение: ≈ 24 мин.Цели урока: формирование грамматических навыков и умений в процессе самостоятельной работы над темой; развитие навыков сопоставления и сравнения с имеющимися аналогами и умения пользоваться изученной грамматикой и лексикой.
Оборудование: компьютер, компьютерные тесты, разноуровневые карточки, карта достижений.
Ход урока
I. Организационный момент. Целеполагание.
Teacher: My dear friends, today we are going to work with all the past tenses in comparison. At the lesson you will study Grammar reference and have some practice in the Past tenses.
The first task is to study the theory and do the tasks in cards A, B, C
If you want to get a “5” you are to work with Card A.
If you want to get a “4” you are to work with Card B.
If you want to get a “3” you are to work with Card C.
You will have 15 minutes to work with the cards.
The second task is to do the computer tests: the tasks: № 1-5 – “5”, №1-4 – “4”, №1-3 – “3”, №6-8 – Progress Check.
You will have 15 minutes to do the tasks. Don’t forget to register your achievements in the chart. Good luck! (См. вложенный файл «Таблица достижений»).
II. Самостоятельное изучение теоретического материала.
Past Simple (простое прошедшее время).
Форма: Past Simple для правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления -ed.
Past Simple неправильных глаголов образуется путем изменения формы этих глаголов.
Форма Past Simple не изменяется по числам, за исключением глагола to be (was/were).
Правописание (форма Past Simple правильных глаголов):
– к глаголам, оканчивающимся на – е, добавляется -d: / wave — I waved
– в глаголах, оканчивающихся на согласную + у, -у меняется на -i и добавляется -ed: / cry — / cried
– к глаголам, оканчивающимся на гласную + у, добавляется -ed: pray – I prayed
– в глаголах с ударной гласной между согласными последняя согласная удваивается и добавляется -ed: / skip – I skipped
– в глаголах, оканчивающихся на -I, -I удваивается и добавляется -ed: travel – I traveled
Употребление
Past Simple употребляется, когда речь идет о:
– Действиях, произошедших в прошлом. Bruce called Tina yesterday morning.
– Действиях, произошедших в прошлом, с указанием точного времени. She went to the gym at 7 o\’clock. (Когда? В 7 часов.)
– Повторяющихся действиях в прошлом. We often travelled to London when we were students.
– Последовательных действиях в прошлом. She woke up, put some clothes on and ran out of the house.
– Законченных действиях в прошлом, не связанных с настоящим, с указанием точного или предполагаемого времени. Henry James wrote many novels.
Указатели времени (сигналы), употребляемые с Past Simple: yesterday, yesterday morning/evening etc, last night/week etc, two weeks/a month ago, in 1988 etc.
Past Continuous (прошедшее продолженное время).
Форма: форма прошедшего времени глагола to be (was/were) + причастие настоящего
времени (-ing форма смыслового глагола).
Past Continuous употребляется для описания действия в процессе развития в прошлом, когда речь идет о:
– Действии, которое происходило в определенное время в прошлом. It was raining when we got up this morning.
– Действии, которое происходило в прошлом и было прервано другим действием, тогда Past Continuous употребляется для описания действия в развитии/процессе (длительное действие), a Past Simple — для описания действия, которое прервало его (краткое действие). Не was reading his essay when he noticed a mistake.
– Двух или более одновременных действиях в прошлом (обычно выполняемых разными людьми). While she was feeding the baby her husband was also talking on the phone.
– О фоновой ситуации в рассказах и повествованиях. The wind was howling and dark clouds were gathering in the sky. Paul was standing … etc.
Указатели времени (сигналы), употребляемые с Past Continuous: while, when, as, all day/night/morning/yesterday etc.
Past Simple и Past Continuous
Past Simple употребляется для описания действия, которое произошло в указанное время в прошлом. Не lost his wallet three weeks ago.
Hо: Past Continuous употребляется для описания действия в процессе развития, которое происходило в определенный момент в прошлом. Не was jogging in the park yesterday afternoon.
Past Simple употребляется для описания последовательных действий в прошлом. Не closed the windows, turned off the lights and locked the door.
Hо: Past Continuous употребляется для описания одного или более одновременных действий, выполняемых разными людьми в прошлом. Tim was reading a book and his brother was listening to music.
Past Continuous употребляется для описания действия в развитии/процессе, которое было прервано. Past Simple употребляется для описания действия, которое его прервало. As George was driving to work his car broke down.
Past Perfect (прошедшее совершенное время)
Форма: had + причастие прошедшего времени (3-я форма) смыслового глагола.
Употребление.
Рast Perfect употребляется, когда речь идет о:
– Действии, которое предшествовало другому действию в прошлом. Roy had fallen asleep before his parents returned home.
– Действии, которое завершилось в прошлом, при описании его результата. Jim had shaved his beard and he looked very nice. Примечание: Past Perfect является эквивалентом Present Perfect в прошедшем времени.
a) He had argued with a friend and he felt miserable. (Действие \’had argued произошло в прошлом и результат \’felt miserable\’ был налицо тоже в прошлом).
b) Не has argued with a friend and he feels miserable. (Действие has argued произошло в прошлом, а результат \’feels miserable очевиден в настоящем).
Указатели времени (сигналы), употребляемые с Past Perfect: before, after, already, just,
till/until, when, by, by the time, never, for, since.
Past Perfect Continuous (прошедшее совершенное продолженное время)
Форма: had + been + причастие настоящего времени (-ing форма смыслового глагола).
Past Perfect Continuous употребляется, когда:
– подчеркивается длительность действия, которое началось и закончилось в прошлом перед другим действием в прошлом, обычно с since или for, how long. Не had been living in the city for ten years before he moved to the countryside.
– обозначается действие, которое длилось некоторое время в прошлом, и описывается его результат (в прошлом). The children had been playing in the garden all afternoon so their clothes were dirty. (Дети играли весь полдень в саду, поэтому их одежда была грязная.)
Указатели времени (сигналы), употребляемые с Past Perfect Continuous: since, for, all morning, how long.
III. Работа с разноуровневыми карточками.
1.Match the two columns:
Ved (V2) the Past Perfect
had been Ving the Past Continuous
had V3 the Past Simple
was/were Ving the Past Perfect Continuous
2. Write the past simple forms.
catch wake
send find
hear decide
leave hide
break put
3. Complete the sentences with the past simple or continuous form of the verbs
Mr Shiao ……….drive) his taxi when a turtle………. (fall) from a balcony and ……….(hit) his car.
Jimmy………………………………… (fly) his kite while Bob…….. (eat) a sandwich.
At 6 o\’clock yesterday they ……………………. (fly) to Moscow.
She ……. (call) an hour ago.
4. Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple.
It 1)… (be) Halloween, so we 2) (decide) to tell ghost stories. Jenny 3)…(tell) the first story and Peter 4)… (go) next. When it 5)…(come) to my turn, a nasty storm 6) … (begin).
Suddenly, the lights went out. It 7)… (scare) me and 8)… (confuse) my friends as we couldn\’t see anything and we 9)… (not know) what was going on. Peter 10)… (strike) a match and we 11)… (notice) that Jenny wasn\’t there. Then we 12)… (hear) someone laughing in the kitchen and the lights came back on! Jenny came back into the room and 13)… (say), \”No need to be worried. This isn\’t a haunted house, it was just a power cut!\” We all 14)… (feel) very silly!
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.
Sam: Who 1)… (be) that on the phone, Ann?
Ann: George. I 2)…… (think) about him when he 3)… (call), actually. What a coincidence!
Sam: It is! 4)… (I/tell) you what 5)… (happen) to me and my mum when we 6)… (shop) in London a few years ago?
Ann: No, what?
Sam: Well, we 7)… (look) around an old second-hand bookshop when my mum 8)… (come) across one of her favorite childhood books. She 9)… (show) it to me and when she 10)…
open) it, it 11)… (have) her name written inside!
Wow, so it 12)… (be) her very own book! I bet you 13)… (not/expect) that!
No, I didn\’t!
2. Fill in the gaps with the past simple form of the verbs in the list.
not/have lose manage
find go stop
1 A: I ……………………. my wallet on the bus.
B: Did you report it?
2 A: Last night, I …………………. my lost key.
B: That\’s great.
3 A: I ……………………… swimming yesterday.
B: Good for you.
4 A: Why are you late for work?
B: My alarm clock …………………… working this morning.
5 A: I ………………………… to solve the puzzle before breakfast.
B: You are very clever, Mike.
6 A: Did Brian win the race?
B: No, he didn\’t. He …………………… a fast enough boat.
3. Expand the prompts to form questions and use short answers to answer them about yourself.
1 you/tidy room?
Did you tidy your room? Yes, I did. /No, I didn\’t.
2 you/visit grandparents/at the weekend?
3 you/finish homework?
4 you/help with/shopping?
1. Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Kate was bored because she… (not/go out) all weekend.
2 We…. (walk) for an hour when it started to rain.
3 This time last week we… (lie) on a beach.
4 After Bill… (mow) the lawn, he collected the grass cuttings for compost.
5 I didn\’t sleep well last night because I… (worry) about my exams.
6 Daniel felt ill last night because he…(eat) sweets all day.
7 John… (wash) the car when it started to rain.
8 Paul… (not/watch) a DVD yesterday.
9 Wendy … (cook) dinner for over two hours before the guests arrived.
10 Jim … (not/finish) all his homework by the time he went to bed.
2. a) Complete the table with the correct past forms of the verbs.
find tell watch stop dive
cry take solve call go try
drop fill feel send
double consonant
+ -ed
(У) -ied irregular
b) Complete the sentences using verbs from the table.
1. She… £10 beneath the sofa.
2. James… to the police to report the incident.
3. He… into the swimming pool twice.
4. He… me the truth.
5. I… the last episode of my favourite TV series yesterday.
6. She… him a present by post.
7. Mary… a lot when she heard the bad news.
8. Brian…the train to London.
9. She… happy when she got her jewels back.
10. Peter… my mother\’s antique vase. It broke into thousands of pieces.
11. Laura … her mother as soon as she arrived in Paris.
12. He … talking when I walked into the room.
13. She… to stop the thief, but he got away.
14. She… the glass with orange juice.
15. Miss Marple… many mysteries in St Mary Mead.
5. Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect or the past perfect continuous.
1. Tom was angry because he… (miss) the last train home.
2. Katie… (only/work) in her new job for a month when she got a promotion.
3. By the time we got home, everyone… (eat) dinner.
4. Sarah was angry because she…(wait) for the bus for over an hour before it arrived.
5. Harry… (dig) in the garden so he was covered in mud.
6. Alice… (not/finish) her homework by bedtime.
7. They (cook) for over three hours before the guests arrived.
8. I… (just/decide) to walk home when the bus came along.
IV. Компьютерный тест.
Task 1. Choose the correct word.
1. I was sleeping…Charlotte rang.
A as soon as В after С when
2. She was a great detective. She always… the crime.
A solve В solved С solving
3. He…in five films last year.
A appeared В appear С appearance
4. Please call me… you get home.
A as soon as В until С while
5. He bought a new car…
A tomorrow В now С yesterday
6. The actress… play the role of Agent Scully.
A don\’t В didn\’t С wasn’t
7. She stayed with him… he fell asleep. Then she left.
A as soon as В after С until
Task 2. Choose the correct tenses
1. Jane was angry because Mark wasn\’t calling/ hadn\’t called her since last weekend.
2. Sophie had a headache because her baby sister had been crying/was crying all afternoon.
3. Joanna switched/had switched the TV off and went to bed.
4. Mike slipped and twisted his ankle while he was playing/had played football yesterday.
5. Tony was shocked. He couldn\’t believe what had just happened/just happened.
6. After John had parked/had been parking the car, he went into the house.
7. This time yesterday, we lay/were lying on the beach sunbathing.
8. I didn\’t go out last night because I wasn\’t finishing/hadn\’t finished my homework.
9. Jack had been working/was working at the company for ten years before he left.
10. He was driving/had been driving for an hour when the car broke down.
Task 3. Match the sentences with their uses (a-d).
1. He was having a bath when the phone rang.
2. She left the house at about 7 pm yesterday.
3. I was cooking while Tom was reading.
4. She was sleeping at 6 pm yesterday afternoon.
a. two actions that were happening at the same time in the past
b. an action happening when another action interrupted it
с. an action which was in progress at a certain time in the past
d. an action which happened at a specific time in the past
Task 4. Use the phrases to complete the exchanges.
watch a comedy write mystery novels
buy a cape live in France study medicine read an adventure novel
1 A: Did Jules Verne live in England?
B: No, …
2 A: Did Bill read a biography?
3 A: Did Sir Arthur Conan Doyle study literature? B: No,
4 A: Did you buy a magnifying glass?
5 A: Did Bob watch a science fiction film?
5 A: Did Agatha Christie write dramas?
6 B: No,
Task 5. Find the mistakes
1. James(1) was having breakfast and (2)left for work.
2. At 10 am yesterday morning, Sarah (1)was cooking while her sister (2)tidied her room.
3. Tom (1) was waiting for Jessica for an hour before she (2) arrived, so he was upset.
4. After Charlie (1)had cut the grass, he (2) used to water the flowers.
5. Helen (1)used to live in London before she (2)was moving to Madrid.
6. Mike (1)bumped into an old friend of his while he (2)had jogged in the park.
7. When she came home Alice (1)fed her cat, (2)would make dinner and watched some TV.
Task 6. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past tense.
Welcome to the Share Your Dreams page, where you can send in descriptions of any unusual dreams you\’ve had, or read about them.
In my dream, I 1)… (walk) home from school, when I 2)… (realise) that a cute little dog 3)… (follow) me all that time. I 4)… (turn) around to give the dog the sandwich I 5)… (hold) at the time, and the puppy 6)… (start) meowing, just like a cat!
Alice, 14
Two years ago I 7) … (dream) that I had a terrible toothache, and had to go to the dentist. But by the time I… 8) (arrive) at the dentist\’s, all my front teeth 9)… (fall out)! When I 10)…(get up), I 11)… (run) to the mirror to see it all my teeth were there!
Samanta, 13
I was in a big shop, and while I 12)…. (wait) in line to pay, I 13)… (spot) my old neighbour, who I 14)… (not/see) for many years. The funniest thing is that as I 15)… (go) to school the next day, I 16)… (bump) into her, at the bus stop!
Maria, 15
Task 7. Choose the correct answer.
1. My brother and I… swimming almost every day last summer.
A went B had been going C were going D had gone
2. We… when someone knocked at the door.
A talked B had talked C were talking D were talked
3. When the robbery happened, the security guide…
A slept B was sleeping C had slept D was slept
4. Jack…chess before, so I showed him what to do.
A hadn’t been playing B didn’t play C wasn’t playing D hadn’t played
5. I wanted to say goodbye to Jerry, but he…
A was already left B already left C had already been leaving D had already left
Task 8. Choose the correct word or phrase.
1. I… Maria for the first time at Ray’s birthday party.
A saw B was seeing
2. Richard…TV when the phone rang.
A watched B was watching
3. I…my homework as soon as I got home from school.
A did B was watching
4. My cousin and I on the computer when there was a power cut.
A played B were playing
5. A car came round the corner and I out of the way.
A jumped B was jumping
V. Рефлексия.
Teacher: My dear children! You have worked very hard at the lesson, I am really proud of you. Let’s look at the register and analyze our achievements: 4 students have reached Level C, 6 students-Level B and 3 students have done their best. So you see that still there is much to be done. I thank you for the lesson and wish you every success in your studies.
VI. Инднвидуальное домашнее задание по карточкам.
Teacher: You can do some tasks at home. We will continue our work at the next lessons.
Налия Гараева, учитель английского языка Татарской гимназии №2 имени Ш. Марджани Казани Республики Татарстан
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