На чтение: ≈ 39 мин.Практическая ценность работы состоит в том, что материал может быть использован в любом общеобразовательном учреждении при практическом обучении английскому языку. Работа содержит задания по аудированию, говорению и разным видам чтения, а также русско-английский перевод с использованием изученной лексики. В ходе работы над темой предполагается организация дискуссии о преимуществах и недостатках использования компьютеров в современной жизни, что способствует совершенствованию речевых и лексических навыков и развитию умения использовать и применять компьютерную терминологию. В конспекте уделено внимание дифференциации заданий с учётом индивидуальных возможностей учащихся. Материал данного урока содержит тесты и окажет помощь при подготовке к ЕГЭ.
Уровень: 11 класс. Профильный уровень. Учебник В.П.Кузовлева, 10-11 кл.
Оборудование: магнитофон, аудиозапись с текстом для аудирования, раздаточный дополнительный материал: карточки для индивидуальной и групповой работы, карточки с текстами и тестами.
Время: два урока.
Межпредметные связи: физика, информатика, история.
Цель урока: развитие коммуникативной и социолингвистической компетенции учащихся.
Задачи урока:
Практическая: совершенствовать навыки чтения и говорения на материале предлагаемых текстов, активизировать мыслительную деятельность учащихся, направленную на правильное употребление специальной терминологии; практиковать употребление словообразовательных моделей.
Развивающая: развивать языковые способности учащихся делать сообщения по речевой ситуации и готовность к коммуникации; развивать навыки аудирования и поискового чтения, а также умения участвовать в дискуссии.
Образовательная: расширить лингвистический кругозор учащихся путем привлечения дополнительного материала, формирование умения использовать и применять компьютерную терминологию.
Воспитательная: воспитание толерантного отношения к мнению других, умение работать в группе; создание условий для формирования у учащихся умения безопасного пользования Интернетом.
Предполагаемый результат: умение участвовать в коллективном обсуждении проблемы, умение слушать и работать с разными видами информации (текст, аудиозапись, тест, газетная статья), высказывание своего мнения в рамках заданной речевой ситуации, умение употреблять в речи словообразовательные модели.
Ключевые слова урока: computer, hardware, software, processor, device, keyboard, calculating machine, computerized economy, computer communication, e-mail, the Internet, «Microsoft».
Основные этапы урока
Организационный момент. Постановка задач.
Разминка – речевая зарядка.
Работа с текстом. Чтение с целью поиска конкретной информации.
Актуализация знаний: активизация знаний на основе текста.
Ознакомление с терминологией по теме: «Компьютер в нашей жизни».
Аудирование и выполнение заданий по прослушанному.
Чтение с полным пониманием содержания и обсуждение прочитанного.
Закрепление лексики. Русско-английский перевод.
Дискуссия. Работа по индивидуальным заданиям.
Тестирование.
10. Заключение. Рефлексия – синквейн.
Итоги. Домашнее задание.
The procedure of the lesson
1. Warming-up
1. Answer the questions:
2. Are you a PC user?
3. Was it easy or difficult for you to learn how to use it ?
4. What for do you use your computer ?
5. Who taught you to use the computer ?
6. How much time a day do you spend in front of the computer ?
2. As you know Bill Gates created the first software – the programs that help personal computers process different information. As founder of Microsoft Inc., he is now one of the richest men in America. Read the text and find the information about:
– Bill Gates was active in his teenage years.
– He and his friend developed disk operating system.
– Bill Gates foresaw the significance of computers in the future.
– Binary number system has only two digits.
– Bill Gates’ predictions came true.
Bill Gates, The Software King
Most of the computers in the world use software invented by Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft Inc. of Redmond, Wash. Software is the set of programs that make computers – whether business or personal – perform various tasks.
Gates was born in Seattle, Wash., in 1955. As a boy, he was bright and curious. He was active in Scouting, reaching Life Scout rank in Troop 186. He especially loved hiking, camping and other outdoor adventures.
But Gates was obsessed with computers. While a student at Harvard University in 1975, Gates and a friend, Paul Allen, developed a computer language for an early version of the personal computer. Microsoft was born. Gates went on to develop operating systems, such as MS-DOS, and software programs.
Thanks to Microsoft, Gates is now one of the richest men in America. He is worth more than $8 billion.
A technical wizard and a fierce business competitor, Gates sees great things ahead for computers. He says they «are really going to change a lot of things in the world – the way we work, the way we play and entertain ourselves and even the way we are educated».
The Binary Number System
Early digital computers inspired by Howard Aiken’s Mark 1 were huge, sometimes filling an entire room. That was because thousands of switches were needed to compute his binary number system.
In the binary number system, only two digits are recognized by the computer: 0 when a switch is off, and 1 when the switch is on. Different combinations of those two digits can represent thousands of letters and numbers.
The binary number system is still used in today’s computers. The difference is that the thousands of electrical switches have been replaced by one tiny, solid-state chip that does the translations electronically. That’s why your computer only fills up part of your desk, not your whole bedroom.
Computers in your Future
Microsoft’s Bill Gates and other computer experts saw great things ahead. They said that in the next few years, you would be able to sit at your computer and see high-quality video sent from any place on earth.
They predicted you would also have a wallet-size personal computer. With it you would be able to store photographs, pay bills, get the news, send messages, see movies and open locks with digital keys.
At home on your TV-size PC you would be able to see and talk with friends in other states, get medical advice, check magazine articles and pictures in a far-off library and order a pizza.
A computerized control system at home would regulate your lighting, temperature and security system.
Big dreams? Are these dreams or facts? Perhaps. But engineers have done a lot to make it reality.
To perform – выполнять
Life Scout rank – пожизненный титул бойскаута
Troop – отряд
To be obsessed – быть одержимым
Operating system – система функционирования
Worth – обладающий
Fierce – неистовый
To inspire – вдохновлять
Solid-state – твердый
Wallet-size – величиной с бумажник
Security system – система безопасности
3. Scan the text «The Fundamentals: hardware and software» and find the equivalents of the following words:
клавиатура, принтер, устройство, жёсткий диск, программное обеспечение, процессор, память, существенный, немедленно.
A computer consists of a screen, a keyboard and a boxlike case with the “brains” of the system. For most tasks you’ll also need a printer and, perhaps, a pointing device called a mouse. This equipment is called hardware.
By itself, hardware is like a cassette player without tapes. A computer needs programms, or software, which usually includes one or more computer discs and a printed instruction manual.
The price depends on the hardware’s brain power—the type of processor and the size of its memory. How much power do you need? That depends of the software you’ll use. In general, words and numbers demand less from a computer than pictures and sound.
Sufficient power is important because a computer works interactively. With hardware that isn’t up to the job, you might have to wait 30 seconds for an on-screen thesaurus to look up a word. But with the right system the entry would appear instantly.
4. Put each of the following words in its place in the passage below.
software computers peripherals calculator ports
monitor keyboard configuration hardware printer
So you only have a pocket (1)_____to do addition, multiplication and so on, you want to know about real (2)_____? Right. Well, the machines themselves are called the (3)_____ and the programs that you feed into them are called the (4)_____. If you want to see the results of what you are doing, you’ll need a (5)____or you’ll have to plug into a television set. You’ll operate your machine like a typewriter by pressing keys on the (6)______. If you want to record on the paper of what you are doing, you’ll need a (7)______. On the rear panel of the computer there several (8)_______into which you can plug a wide range of (9)______– modems, fax machines and scanners. The main physical units of a computer system are generally known as the (10)______.
The key: 1 calculator, 2 computers, 3 hardware, 4 software, 5 monitor, 6 keyboard, 7 printer, 8 ports, 9 peripherals, 10 configuration.
5. Audition. Exercise 1. Listen to the texts and answer the question «What is the computer of the future like as scientists predict?»
Wearable Computers
If you are hooked* on the computer and can’t tear* yourself from it, don’t worry. Soon you’ll be able to wear it on your wrist,* in your glasses and even in your earings. The first wearable computers are already on sale though they are probably a bit bulgy* right now. Don’t be surprised if in a few years you’ll be putting on your socks and your computer each morning before going to work. Of course, you might not even have to leave the house. Scientists predict that in the future most of us will work from home.
wearable – пригодный для носки, носимый на себе
be hooked on – быть привязанным к чему-либо, не представлять себе жизни без чего-либо
tear – оторваться, отвлечься
wrist – запястье
bulgy – громоздкий
Exercise 2. Computers Nowadays
Listen to the text and prove the quotation «Computers have entirely entered our life».
Some scientists say that without the computer the 21st century would be impossible. Computers today are running our factories, planning our cities, teaching our children and forecasting our future. The computer solves in seconds the problems a generation of mathematicians would need months or years to solve without its help. The degree to which computers will take over human functions may frighten some people and astonish* others. Computers, like the telephone or electricity, have become a common thing of everyday life used by almost everybody. They have entered our home life. They help to make up a person’s shopping list, remind someone of important appointments and anniversaries and answer the telephone. We often hear that the increasing flood of information will be one of the problems of the 21st century.
A computer may help to solve it too. In a computerized library of the future request for information will be answered instantly* and as fully as the user wants.
The invention of computers, calculating machines, capable of processing information, cardinally changed our life. The computer performs very simple actions, but its advantage is the speed it calculates at. In fact the computer performs hundreds of thousands of operations per second.
Computers are penetrating* all spheres of human activity, in many of them they have become indispensible,* They calculate orbits, guide spaceships and planes, calculate the targets* of economic development, play chess, help housewives to choose a menu.
It’s hard to enumerate all the uses the computer may be put to.
astonish – удивлять
instantly – немедленно
penetrate – проникать
indispensible – незаменимый
target – цель
6. Read the text and do the tasks.
Not a «White Elephant»
Gwen and her husband Tim live in a small town in Colorado in the USA. When Gwen was 77 years old and her husband was 84, their daughter gave them a cast-off* computer and some software*. Gwen and Tim were not much interestedin it and saw the gift as the proverbial* “white elephant”. Their first responses were “Don’t need one”. “Won’t use it”. I’m too old to learn”.
In spite of their protest, their daughter left the computer with them. She also told them that the computer would make it possible for them to be in communication with her when she was on duty in London with her job, as well as with their grown children who live in different parts of the country. She explained to them how to use the computer, but they didn’t show any interest in it.
Some time later Gwen decided to try the computer. It was not easy. At first Gwen was afraid she would “break” the machine. She called her son-in-law and asked him some questions about using e-mail. She learned the basics of computer communications and learned to solve problems which arise in the process of work with computer.
After three months she could send e- mail to her children, a nephew, and anyone she could reach. She is now so confident* in her abilities* that she is exploring* new ways of getting information with her computer.
Gwen says: “E- mail allows me to be in touch* with people every day. It allows me to communicate regularly with my son who has health problems. I don’t have to wait a certain time of day to call. I can send and receive messages at any time”.
And Gwen has a right to brag*. When she goes to church or community social events and tells people about the computer, they are amased* at the fact that she can learn something like that.
She has learned a little terminology and can talk to people who know something about the computer. She conquered* the technology she didn’t think she would be able to learn.
Now Gwen is planning to install* a modem*, join the Internet and explore the net.
cast-off – ненужный, бросовый
software – программное обеспечение
proverbial – вошедший в поговорку, общеизвестный
white elephant – дорогая, бесполезная вещь
arise – подниматься
confident – уверенный
ability – способность
explore – исследовать
be in touch – контактировать
brag – хвастаться
amazed – удивлённый, изумлены
conquer – покорять
install – установить
6.1 Is there any information in the text?
– concerning rules of sending e-mail?
– how Gwen learned to use the computer?
– showing that Gwen had a right to brag?
– that Gwen learned a little terminology?
– about the family of Gwen and Tim?
– about their age?
– about their town?
– about computer games?
6.2 Find word combinations in the text which mean the following:
их дочь оставила им компьютер, взрослые дети, они не проявили никакого интереса, основы компьютерной коммуникации, исследует новые способы получения информации через компьютер, регулярно общаться с сыном, отправлять и получать послания в любое время, немного терминологии, общественные события.
6.2 Retell the text using the following constructions:
– The daughter of Gwen gave them….
– At that time Gwen was… and Tim was…
– First Gwen and Tim…
– In spite of their protest their daughter…
– She told them…
– Some time later…
– She learned…
– Now…
6.4 Find the words in the text which have the following meaning:
1. useless or unwanted
2. find the answer
3. feeling certain
4. examine in order to test
5. boast
6. surprised
7. science or art
6.5 Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right.
1) modem a) a system that allows messages to be sent from
one computer to another
2) software b) feeling certain
3) e-mail c) a piece of electronic equipment that allows information
to be sent from one computer to another
4) confident d) a piece of news
5) hard disk e) the study or use of computers and other electronic equipment
6) information f) a part inside a computer that can store technology,
7) message g) the programmes that you put into computer to make them do
the job they want
6.6 Join these split sentences.
1. Knowing how a) an electronic machine which is used to store
to use the computer and organize information/
2. The term “virtual reality” b) when your computer crashes
3. A computer is c) describes computer images which appear
4. Customers’ names and d) you should invite a specialist
addresses are stored
5. More and more schools e) your computer can become obsolete
are using multimedia
6. In only a few years f) as a teaching aid
7. It is very annoying g) is a useful skill
8. If you can’t fix h) on our database
7. Translate into English.
1. Удобно пользоваться электронной почтой, чтобы контактировать с друзьями.
2. Благодаря компьютеру я могу получать и отправлять сообщения в любое время.
3. Компьютерная терминология не очень трудная. Многие слова пришли из английского языка.
4. Он интересуется компьютерами, знает, как ими пользоваться и владеет основами компьютерного общения.
5. Когда работаешь с компьютером, возникают проблемы, которые необходимо решить.
6. Мы купили компьютер только два года назад, и он уже устарел.
7. Интепесно, он пользуется компьютером сейчас или пишет книги ручкой?
8. «Майкрософт» стала крупнейшей фирмой в мире, разрабатывающей программное обеспечение для компьютеров.
8. Discussion. Work in groups.
Group 1. «Advantages of computers»
1. Computers give access to a lot of information.
2. Computers let you communicate very quickly by e-mail or using the Internet
3. Computers can do some tasks very quickly, for example, send off large number of letters or bills.
4. Computers make it possible to work at home.
5. Word processors make it easier to write letters and reports, and to do work for school or college.
6. Children enjoy using computers, and multimedia, interactive software and virtual reality make learning more exciting. Many books are now available on CD-ROMs.
7. Large amounts of information can be stored in a database.
Group 2. «Disadvantages of computers»
1. Many people do not like using computers, and would prefer to deal with a person instead.
2. Computers can get viruses and damage software.
3. Software often have bugs, and sometimes computers fail and people lose all the work they had done.
4. Some children spend too much time playing computer games which can be very violent.
5. Anyone can put information on the Internet, so it can easily be used by criminals. There are no laws to stop this yet, and it is extremely difficult to control the Internet.
6. Computers quickly become obsolete, so they soon need to be replaced or updated.
7. If a computer is not working properly, most people do not know how to fix it, and this be very annoying.
Group 3. Rendering. Translate into English.
Интернет вреднее водки.
Медики нашли изменения в мозгу у любителей сетевого общения – точно такие же, как у пьяниц и наркоманов. К такому суровому выводу пришла группа китайских ученых.
Специалисты (= медики) исследовали мозг 17 людей в возрасте от 14 до 21 года, у которых была выявлена интернет-зависимость. Эти люди не могут контролировать свое пользование Интернетом, сокращать его или вовсе прекратить. Ученые называют таких людей «цифровыми аборигенами» за их богатых 10-летний опыт жизни в Интернете с ежедневным просиживанием у монитора по 12 часов.
Как выяснилось, у этих блогеров и геймеров поражено белое вещество головного мозга в областях, отвечающих за эмоциональное восприятие, контроль за поведением и скорость принятия решений.
Группа специалистов из Бельгии выяснила, что все любители компьютерных игр страдают увеличением отдела головного мозга – центра вознаграждения и удовольствия. Эта часть мозга активизируется, когда человек испытывает удовольствие от награды или, например, вкусной еды, секса, наркотиков. Это и становится причиной интернет-зависимости.
Шесть признаков интеренет-зависимых людей:
1. Не замечают течения времени
2. Раздражаются, если их отвлекают от Интернета
3. Они забывают о работе, семье, друзьях
4. Испытывают чувство вины, когда видят, как много времени они тратят на Сеть, но не на семью, работу и друзей
5. Спокойно себя чувствуют только в Сети и паникуют без нее
6. Испытывают дискомфорт со здоровьем: боли в суставах, плохой сон, избыточный вес
Чтобы вылечиться, медикам нечего предложить. Только несколько простых советов: частые перерывы во время пребывания в Сети, общаться с теми, кто равнодушен к Интернету, чаще выходить реальный мир – в магазины, музеи, парки, театры. («Комсомольская правда» № 18, 2012 г.).
Group 4. Internet Safety Basics
DON’T CHAT WITH STRANGERS! Your parents are RIGHT when they say “DON’T TALK TO STRANGERS”. You really don’t know who the person is that you are chatting with. It can be very easy to mislead you.
ASK YOUR PARENTS AND SURE. Only surf where your parents have given your permission. If a website looks suspicious or has a warning page about you being underage , leave immediately. Some sites are not for kids. Do not go exploring. If you come across a site that you aren’t sure about, ask your parents. Don’t download any applications from the Internet that are from questionable sites. Some sites have viruses which come free with the downloads
PASSWORDS. Passwords are secret so don’t give out your passwords to anyone. Do not fill any online forms without asking your parents. Never put your e-mail password on any website while registering.
E-MAIL SAFETY. Never open up any email or attachment that you receive from people you don’t know. Ask your parents to look at it first. Sometimes email can contain viruses which could harm your computer. Ask your parents to install the latest anti-virus programmes.
KEEP A WATCH. Never reply to emails from strangers. If you have got an email attachment even from a known person, do a virus scan before opening.
CHILD-SAFE BROWSERS. Ask your parents to install child-safe browsers meant for children. These browsers are colorful and fun. These browsers help and guide you to visit good and safe sites and automatically protect you from the bad ones.
SET YOUR TIME. Don’t spend all your time online. Set a time limit on your computer use. Keep your parents informed about sites you visit.
9. Testing.
Microsoft is the largest software company in the computer world, and its operating systems are on almost all computers. Its release of Windows 95 and the Microsoft Office 95 (1)_____ the size of already giant company, It (2)____ so successful because of the low priced and easy (3)____software it creates. From six years old to presidents of large corporations use their products.
William Gates, a 19-year old dropout from Harvard, (4)____Microsoft with his friend Paul Allen. The two (5)____ BASIC, a language that let people (6)____ programs for their PC. Then, IBM chose them (7)____ an operating system for the new IBM-PCs. Gates and Allen (8)____ 50, 000 to Tim Paterson for his QDOS, and (9)____it to MS-DOS. The operating system was extremely successful, and soon all other PC manufacturers (10)____ to be compatible with IBM. This gave Microsoft the chance (11)____huge profits, and they (12)____, Their next big success was Windows, which was a graphical operating system that (13)_____ popular because it was extremely easy to use. Then, in 1993, they (14)____ Windows NT, which (15)____networking extremely easy. By this time, Bill Gates (16)____the PC operating system market and (17)____ a billionaire.
1 1. A has increased C having increased
B had increased D increasing
2 2. A is being C has been
B were D had been
3 3. A using C to use
B had been using D has used
4. A found C had found
B had founded D founded
5. A rewrote C had rewritten
B rewrite D are rewriting
6. А to create C creating
B create D created
7 A writing C to have written
B to write D to be writing
8 A have paid C had paid
B paid D paying
9 A renaming C renamed
B had renamed D having renamed
10 A wanted C had been wanted
B want D wanting
11 A to make C having made
B making D made
12 A did C do
B was done D had done
13 A became C had become
B becoming D to become
14 A releasing C had been released
B were released D released
15 A making C made
B had been made D to make
16 A monopolized C have monopolised
B had monopolized D monopolising
17 A became C had become
B has become D become
The key: 1A 2C 3C 4D 5A 6B 7B 8B 9C 10A 11A 12A 13A 14D 15C 16B 17C
What Can Computers Do?
Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.
Computers and microchips (1) ____ (become) part of our everyday lives.
We read magazines which (2) ____ (produce) on computer, we buy things with the help of computer; we pay bills prepared by computers.
Just (3) ____ (dial) a phone number involves the use of a sophisticated computer system.
In the past, life without computers was much (4) ____ (difficult) than it is today.
The first computers were able to multiply long numbers, but they (5) ____ (not can) do anything else.
Nobody (6) ___ (believe) stories about robots and space travel, but now computers are able to do almost all difficult jobs.
What makes your computer such a miraculous device? It is a personal communicator that (7) ____ (enable) you to interact with other computers and with people around the world. And you can even use your PC to relax with computer games.
The key: 1 have become, 2 have been produced, 3 dialling, 4 more difficult, 5 could not, 6 believed, 7 enables
10. Conclusion. Reflection
Think way
What? Who? The topic of the lesson
1 noun
What kind? The characteristic of the topic
2-3 adjectives
What does it do?
3 verbs
Personal opinion about the topic
A sentence containing 4-5 words
New associations with the topic
1 noun, synonym, association
11. Homework.
Write an essay «You are doing a project on how computers have changed people\’s lives, how computers are changing things and how people feel about it. Have you got a computer at home? What do you use it for? 200-250 words»
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Агапова Г., Агапова Н. Лёгкий путь в английский. Москва, «Менеджер»,2007
2. Родина И.О., Пименова Т.М. Устные темы и задания по развитию речи. 10-11кл., Москва, «Астрель», 2005
3. Музланова Е.С., Кисунько Е.И. Тесты. Английский язык. Москва, «Астрель» 2003
4. Романова Л.И. Будь готов к ЕГЭ. Москва, «Айрис-пресс», 2006
5. «Комсомольская правда» № 18, 2012г.
Елена Дмитриева, учитель английского языка Промышленновской средней школы №2 Кемеровской области, участница XV Всероссийского конкурса методических разработок «Сто друзей»
Фото: http://www.cinfo.ru
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